Knowledge Representation.

KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION:-

For the purpose of solving complex problems c\encountered in AI, we need both a large amount of knowledge and some mechanism for manipulating that knowledge to create solutions to new problems. A variety of ways of representing knowledge (facts) have been exploited in AI programs. In all variety of knowledge representations , we deal with two kinds of entities.

A. Facts: Truths in some relevant world. These are the things we want to represent.

B. Representations of facts in some chosen formalism . these are things we will

actually be able to manipulate.

One way to think of structuring these entities is at two levels : (a) the knowledge level, at which facts are described, and (b) the symbol level, at which representations of objects at the knowledge level are defined in terms of symbols that can be manipulated by programs.

The facts and representations are linked with two-way mappings. This link is called representation mappings. The forward representation mapping maps from facts to representations. The backward representation mapping goes the other way, from representations to facts.

One common representation is natural language (particularly English) sentences. Regardless of the representation for facts we use in a program , we may also need to be concerned with an English representation of those facts in order to facilitate getting information into and out of the system. We need mapping functions from English sentences to the representation we actually use and from it back to sentences.